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The formation of scale on surfaces in potable water systems is due to the crystallization of carbonates, sulfates of magnesium, or calcium from solution. Crystallization is a complex process involving the formation of “active crystal nuclei” of sufficient size to promote the further growth upon these very fine crystals. Use of very low levels of NAPCO Phosphates interferes with this nucleation by forming a larger number of sub-critical size nuclei. These small nuclei are neither capable of supporting crystal growth nor are they capable of agglomerating into larger particles. Specialized phosphates inhibit crystal growth. This type of scale inhibition is referred to as a threshold property because it occurs at a level much lower that would be required for a stoichiometric reaction. Products that NAPCO offers to produce these results are:
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